Facts About Colombia for Spanish Students

How to Calculate Gross Tonnage of a Ship

The term gross tonnage refers to the internal volume of a water-going vessel, and is normally used as a means for categorizing commercial vessels, especially those used for shipping. This volume measured includes all areas of the ship, from keel to funnel and from bow to stern. In modern usage, the measurement deducts the crew spaces and other parts of the ship that cannot hold cargo. Since 1969, gross tonnage has been the principal means by which a  commercial ship is defined. The gross tonnage measurement has a number of legal and administrative uses. It is used to determine regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port charges for the vessel.   Calculating Gross Tonnage Calculating the gross tonnage of a ship is a somewhat complicated procedure, due to the fact that most ships have an asymmetrical shape that makes calculating volume difficult. There are many ways to make this calculation, depending on the level of precision required and the agency requiring the measurement. Different formulas are used depending on the shape of the vessel, and even the types of waters on which the ship sails. A simplified set of gross tonnage formulas is set forth by the U.S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Center, which are based on three measurements: Length (L), breadth (D), and depth (D). Under this system, the means of estimating gross tonnage is as follows:   For a boat with a simple sailing hull, gross tonnage (GT) (.5 * L * B * D) / 100For a sailing boat with keel, GT   (.375 * L * B * D) / 100For freighters with angled or cylindrical hulls, GT   (.67 * L * B * D) / 100For ships with square barge-shaped hulls, GT   (.84 * L * B * D) / 100 The  International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships  sets forth another, more precise formula for calculating gross tonnage of a vessel, which says GT   K  *  V. Here, K .2 .02 * log10(V), and V interior volume of a vessel in cubic meters (m3). History of Gross Tonnage as a Measurement Standard Since most commercial ships were originally involved with the transport of goods, otherwise known as cartage,  ships at first were rated and valued on the maximum amount of cargo that could be stuffed into every nook inside a ship. On long sailing voyages, after selling their loads of cookware, tools, machinery and other products, private traders often bought bundles of lumber, spices, cloth, and decorative goods to sell upon return to home port. Every space was stuffed full to maximize profit on both legs of the voyage, and thus each boats value depended on just how much open space was available in the vessel. One of the few exempt spaces in these early calculations of a ships volume was the bilge area, where ballast was held. In early shops, no cargo could be stored here without damage since in these wooden ships the bilges were wet. Ballast stones were used on sailing ships that were leaving with a light load and returning with a heavy cargo. This might be the case when transporting a finished metal such as copper to a port where raw copper ore was loaded for the trip back to England for refining. As the lighter load was unloaded and the heavier load brought aboard, the bilge stones were removed to compensate for the extra weight. Today, piles of these foreign stones, roughly the size of bowling balls, can be found underwater near historic ports all over the world. Eventually, with the availability of mechanical pumps,  water as ballast  became the norm,  since it was much more efficient to simply pump water in and out of the bilge to adjust the ships weight rather than use stones or other forms of weight.  Ã‚   The term  tonnage originally  came into usage as a means for referring to the physical space occupied by 100 cubic feet of ballast  water, an amount of water that was the equivalent of about 2.8 tons. This can be confusing since a ton is usually thought of as a measurement of weight, not volume. In the context of maritime shipping, however, the term tonnage refers to the volume of space available to hold cargo.

Influence of Visual Media Paper Free Essays

?The Various forms of visual entertainment media shape American culture and its values is by Visual entertainment media has shaped American culture and values in many ways. There are so many forms of entertainment nowadays that it has cause many of us including our children to forget what is more important. For example we now use the Internet to rely on so many things, like information. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Visual Media Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now When at one point in time we would use books or newspapers. Video games, Internet, cell phones and things like this have taken away from our values of taking time out to enjoy a book. The children of today won’t even take time out to play outside they are more concerned with playing their video games. There was a time where children played outside every day and that was a form of exercise but now all they want to do is watch television, play games and be on the Internet and their cell phones. Visual media influences the diffusion or spread of various cultural traits, including food habits, dressing, and entertainment. Different forms of visual media, such as television and films, provide materials from which we establish a sense of selfhood, sexuality, class, and even race. Further to this, visual media shapes the way we view the world by influencing what we consider to be right or wrong, positive or negative, and moral or immoral. The social influences of the visual entertainment media have been more negative than positive. For example YouTube has millions of video up where most of them depict something of negativity or something of no substance. There are so many videos of people fighting than there are of someone speaking out to promote non-violence. There are also sexually explicit videos where you see a person has millions of hits. Also movies have become so much more violent these days that young people are easily influenced by them, kids look up to famous actors/actresses. I think it is up to us as parents to make sure we monitor what our children do. Over the years, various forms of visual entertainment media have had some influence on the American culture. Visual entertainment media, for instance, exposes us to different kinds of music and dancing styles. When we are repeatedly exposed to these forms of entertainment, we gradually accept it as a way of life and eventually start practicing the same. Celebrity figures in visual entertainment media also influences our lifestyles. Visual media describes such persons as exceptionally talented and successful in various ways. As a result, we tend to view them as perfect role models and strive to adopt their lifestyles. For instance, the increased use of aerated drinks among Americans can be attributed to the commercial ads aired on TV with popular celebrities as the subject. As well, the rapid spread of various types of youth subculture, such as Goth subculture, can be attributed to visual media. Visual media also exposes us to nudism, cruelty, criminality, violence, unfairness, and other antisocial elements. These elements of visual media entertainment constantly have shaped various aspects of the American culture. The influence of visual media in today’s world has shaped American culture in many ways. People can be influenced with visual media because they can find it relatable. They relate to the person on a television show going through a rough time or a good time in their lives. People influenced by people on television that they look up to. For example if you are watching basketball and you see Michal Jordan wearing the newest shoes that have come out that will make you want to wear them thinking you can be like him. While with television shows, you may not look up to or influenced by the actor you are influenced by the character he plays on television. The way America visual media has shaped is because it is relatable and we are influenced by what we see. This may also change the way we think about cretin things. Such as if you decide that your son or daughter will not date until they are 18 but, you then see on television a 15 year old going on a date you then may change your mind about your son or daughter going on a date. If you hear swear words on television, you may find them inappropriate at first but you then start to use them yourself. It is as if people have grown numb to them existing. However there are good things about visual media other than changing your mind about things. It could inspire to be a better person or get a better job. This may push you harder to reach your goals that you have set for yourself. Some say that watching television is a way to learn. For example show like Dora the Explorer, Blue’s Clues, and Bill Nye the Science Guy are said to teach you new things. In conclusion visual media influence social behavior and attitudes when we began to do what we see online, television, or movies. We have to get back to the basics like reading more books, watching the news, and not focus so much on the Internet, video games, movies, and cell phones. How to cite Influence of Visual Media Paper, Papers

Why Content Curation is Important and How To Get Started

Nothing beats original, high-quality content to get the attention of your customers and connect with them. But carefully selected, relevent pieces from other sources can be a great complement to your mix. It can help you fill gaps in your content schedule, increase trust with your customers as a reliable source of information and even earn you thanks from the original authors. Understanding Content Curation Many businesses are increasingly using curated content to add diversity and interest to their social media channels. One study even showed that one-third of content marketers share some kind of industry news or other related information on a daily basis. The key to curating successfully though is the unique editorial slant or commentary your brand adds to it.For example, provide your own thoughts on why you disagree with the author or you could just highlight key points you agree with.Whatever you decide, the best results will come from adding some value when you share the piece rather than just sharing it with no context for your unique audience. Benefits of Curating While thought leadership is probably the most compelling reason to incorporate content curation in your marketing strategy, there are several other benefits: Conserves resources:Curating content allows you to boost your online presence without the same time and effort that comes when creating your own original content. This give you more time to devote to optimizing your strategy and other tasks. Improves SEO:Sharing interesting items can help make your content more â€Å"link-worthy,† adding significant SEO juice.For the biggest SEO boost, focus on sharing visual content such as infographics and videos.Research shows that posts featuring videos earn triple the inbound links of their text-only counterparts. Boosts visibility:If you want to stand out in a competitive social-media marketplace, it’s important to maintain your visibility and post on a regular basis.Curating allows you to do just that. Filling those gaps with carefully curated content will help keep your brand visible. Furthermore, tagging the original author will increase your visibility with them which can come in handy when you’re looking for people to share your original content. Not sure where to begin with curating content?Here are a few free or cheap tools to help you get started and turn you into a content-curation master in no time: Pocket:This save-for-later app is a must-have for the new content curator.No need to keep sending yourself links or bookmarking countless items:Pocket lets you keep all your saved articles, videos and images in one place.You can add the Pocket button to your browser and get the app for your phone for easy cross-platform functionality. And the app integrates with Evernote and hundreds of other apps. Twitter lists:Without lists, it can be difficult to organize information and manage the various handles you follow.Twitter’s list functionality allows you to create custom groups of users you follow. For example, you could start a â€Å"content marketing† list for all your must-follow accounts related to the field.If you’re using Pocket in conjunction with Twitter lists, curating content gets even easier:You can save articles found on Twitter right to your Pocket account. Scoop.it:For marketers who have already nailed the basics of content curation, Scoop.it can help you take your curation game to the next level.Choose a topic that interests you, and Scoop.it will deliver relevant articles for you to read and share.Even better, it will generate related topics that might interest you and suggest Scoop.it users you may want to follow.The most robust version of the platform costs $11 per month, but you can try the free version first before you subscribe. Boosting Your Marketing Strategy In the world of content marketing, nothing will ever trump the power of high-quality, original content. But content curation can be a valuable tool in any brand’s marketing strategy.By understanding the benefits of content curation and using the right tools for the job, you can use curated content to maintain your online presence and establish your brand as a real authority in its field.

Technology Changes of the Past and Present essays

Technology Changes of the Past and Present essays Technological Changes of the Past and Present The technology which surrounds almost everyone in the modern society, affects both work and leisure activities. Technology contains information that many would rather it did not have. It influences minds in good and bad ways, and it allows people to share information which they would otherwise not be able to attain. Even if a person does not own a computer or have credit cards, there is information on a computer somewhere about everyone. The technology which is just now beginning to be manipulated and harnessed is affecting the minds of small children and adolescents in ways that could be harmful. It is affecting our immediate future. It also gives another form of communication and exchange of information which was not available before, information that is both good and bad. Technology is one of the principal driving forces of the future; it is transforming our lives and shaping our future at rates unprecedented in history, with profound implications which we can't even begin to see or understand. Many different elements affect how satisfied we are with our lives. The impact of technology on these elements can change how safe, healthy and happy people feel. Throughout history, people have looked for better ways to meet their needs and to satisfy their expectations. Technology has improved the way people feed, clothe and shelter themselves. Technology has also changed other aspects of everyday life, such as health care, education, job satisfaction, and leisure time activities. People have used technology since they first chipped stone blades to improve their hunting. Yet some people call the current age the "Technological Age" because of society's dependence on technology. For the first time in human history, almost all the goods and services people use depend on technology. The products of technology are available to almost everyone in society. The economy of a country in...

Old SAT Scores How to Get and Use Them

Old SAT Scores How to Get and Use Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you graduate from college a while ago and now a prospective employer wants to see your SAT scores? Did you take time off after high school and now have to send your SAT scores to colleges? No matter the case, you'll need to know how to access your old SAT scores. In this article, I'll explain how to get and use old SAT scores.I'll teach you how to retrieve old scores and discuss how to present them to prospective employers. // When Is an SAT Score Considered Old? Once you have left high school and have not tested for a year, your SAT scores and responses to the SAT Questionnaire are removed from the active file- in other words, they'rearchived. When an SAT score is archived, it's not as accessible, and there is an additional $31 fee to get an archived score from the College Board. However, SAT scores can still be retrieved for reporting to you as well as any colleges, universities, and/or scholarship programs you designate. // Why Might You Need Your Old SAT Scores? Some employers request SAT scores.Companies such as Amazon, Cvent, Baines Co., McKinsey Co., and Goldman Sachs are known to request SAT scores from prospective employees. Even middle-agedjob applicantscould be asked for their SAT scores! You might also need to retrieve your old SAT scores if you take off more than one year between high school and college and are just now applying to colleges. // Be sure to check the admissions requirements for the schools you're applying to so you can know whether you'll need to have your old SAT scores when you apply. If you graduated from high school more than five years ago, you might not have to submit any SAT scores when you apply. Finally, be aware that score reports that are sent to colleges five or more years after a test date are accompanied by a message claiming thatthe results might be less valid predictors of academic performance than more recent SAT scores will be. // How to Send Old SAT Scores There are a couple of ways you can get old SAT scores from the College Board. We go through each of these in more detail below. Note that you cannot send old SAT scores via your online College Board account(though you should be able to view your scores). Fees for Sending Old SAT Score Reports Let's first go over the two different ways you can order old SAT score reports and the fees for both. Regular Score Reports Regular SAT score reports cost $12 per report. However, because you're sending old SAT scores, there is an additional $31 archived fee. This comes out to a total of$43 per old score report. // Rush Reports If you need to send old SAT scores quickly, rush reporting is usually available. This option costs an extra $31 (in addition to the $12 and $31 archived fee per score report). In other words, you'll pay a total of $74 per rushed old SAT score report. With rush reporting, SAT scores are typically sent to colleges within two to four business days. Note that although scores are sentfaster, this does not mean that colleges will process them any faster than normal. // SAT Score Reporting: 2 Options Once you've chosen a type of score report to send, you have two options for how you can request an order of your old SAT scores. // Method 1:By Mail To send your old SAT scores by mail, simply download an Archived Score Report Order Form from the College Board website and complete each section on it. You'll need your exact test date and registration number to fill it out.This information can be found on your SAT admission ticket. However, if you took the test a long time ago, I'm guessing you don't have that ticket anymore. In that case, it'll be easier to order your scores over the phone (see the next section for instructions on how to do this). // If you decide to order by mail, send the completed form and proper payment to this address: SAT Program PO Box 7503 London, KY 40742-7503 USA Method 2:By Phone To retrieve your SAT score by phone, call the College Board customer servicenumber at 866-756-7346 if you're in the US, or 212-713-7789 if you're outside the US. Make sure you havethe following information ready to give over the phone: Your current name and address Test date and registration number (if available) Your name and address at the time you tested College and scholarship program codes of score recipients Your credit card number and expiration date // What to Do If Employers Ask for Old SAT Scores Most employers who ask for SAT scores don't require official score reports. However, be prepared to provide one, if asked. Also, make sure employers know whether the maximum score when you took the test was 1600 or 2400. The date when you took the test shouldn't matter much to employers for making comparisons. A 2000/2400 from 2015 should be equivalent to a 2000/2400 from 2007. Both SAT scores should indicate the same skill level and percentile score. (We talk more about this below.) However, know that scores from the current SAT, which was redesigned in March 2016, are slightly inflated relative to previous versions of the test. Can You Compare SAT Scores From Different Years? In general, an SAT score will mean the same thing no matter when you take the SAT.In other words, a 1250 on an SAT from 2016 should equal a 1250 on an SAT from 2018, 2019, 2020, and so on. This means that you should be able to compare an SAT score from one year with another SAT score from a different year without issue. The only major problem when comparing scores from different years is the scoring scales used. The SAT changed dramatically in 2016, when it shifted from a 600-2400 scale to a 400-1600 scale. As a result, the scores for these years will look quite different. (However, you can roughly convert them using our conversion tables.) The following chart shows SAT percentiles for the past six years. Note the change in the scoring scale for 2016 and 2017.Also, be aware that some scores are estimates if exact percentiles were unavailable. Year 99th %ile 75th %ile 50th %ile 25th %ile 1st %ile 2017* 1480-1600 1190-1200 1050-1060 910-920 400-680 2016* 1510-1600 1210-1220 1080 950 400-680 2015 2220-2400 1720 1480 1260 600-830 2014 2220-2400 1720 1490 1270 600-840 2013 2220-2400 1720 1490 1280 600-850 2012 2210-2400 1720 1490 1280 600-860 *Reflects current SAT scoring scale of 400-1600. As you can see, we don't have much data for the current SAT. However, based on the old scoring system, we can see that the score you needed to achieve a certain percentile didn't actually change much from year to year.So if you were aiming for the 75th percentile, you'd want to get a minimum composite score of 1720, regardless of when you tested. You might have also noticed that the scores for 2016 and 2017 show more noticeable changes than the scores for the old SAT do.This is mainly a result of the fact that the current SAT format hasn't been around that long. Once a few more years pass, though, these percentiles should start to become more stable. For more information about historical SAT percentiles, see our guides to SAT scores from 2016 and 2017, and SAT scores from 2011 to 2016. What's Next? For more tips on sending SAT scores, check out our guide tosending your scores to colleges. As you read this, remember to look up thecollege codes and school codes for your score reports. Curious about what a good or bad SAT score is? Read our popular article on good SAT scores to learn how you can set a goal score. Aiming high? Thenyou'll definitely want to read our expert guide to how to get a perfect 1600 on the SAT. Finally, be sure to check out this post to learn who uses SAT scores. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Accessibility, what it means and why is it important when designing a Essay

Accessibility, what it means and why is it important when designing a website - Essay Example It is necessary to keep in mind the importance of accessibility in designing a website. As much as web designers hope to make their website as creative as possible, their main goal should be to make it serve its purpose and function. Designers’ imagination and creativity are challenged with accessibility’s limiting factor (Tarn, â€Å"Making the Digital†). While the use of Web is no longer limited to the basic operations such as entertainment and basic browsing, it already requires advanced features that make it useful for people to interact to each other on various purposes such as a mere communication, wellness, education, financial transaction, and entertainment (Burks 7). Significant advantages are identified when accessibility is taken in consideration in website design. They are beneficial for the owners of the website as well as its designers as they would not only comply with the Web Accessibility Initiative and the Disability Discriminations Act 1995, bu t it also increases their credibility as owners and website designers. Apart from this, the number of users who visit the website also increases such that it caters to users with or without disability. Websites with good accessibility are also known to have increased search engine optimization (Sabasaje, â€Å"Web Design†; Gibbins, â€Å"The Growing Importance†; â€Å"The Importance of Web Accessibility†). Keeping this in mind, web designers should understand that flexibility is necessary in such a way that it would allow different kinds of users to access the website as well as the information that they need from it (Burks